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Unmasking Catholicism Mary Ann Collins, a former Catholic nun |
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Notes Many of the Notes give addresses of Internet articles. Sometimes articles get moved, discontinued, or replaced. I have often provided addresses for several articles about the same subject. That way, if one Internet address doesn't work any more, you can still read the other articles. I have deleted "http://" from the Internet addresses. That makes them shorter and easier to read. If you type the addresses into your browser, and hit ENTER, then you should go to the articles. If that doesn't work, then you can type "http://" at the beginning of the Internet addresses. Some Internet addresses are too wide for the pages of this book. In those cases, I have divided them into two sections. If you type both sections into your browser (with no spaces in between them), then the addresses should work. I will always tell you when I have divided an Internet address. If you can't get through to an article that is important to you, please try again. Sometimes websites go down temporarily. You can also do a search for the information yourself. (Google.com is a good search engine.) You can find papal encyclicals by doing a search for their Latin name. The Notes give the Latin names of the encyclicals I have used. I found the Catechism of the Catholic Church and the Code of Canon Law online, by doing Internet searches for their titles. Sometimes, websites are reorganized, and old Internet addresses no longer work. If that happens, then you can search for the Catechism of the Catholic Church and the Code of Canon Law yourself. You can buy the Catechism at regular bookstores You can buy the Code of Canon Law from the Canon Law Society of America. All of the laws are contained in one book. In October, 2003, it cost $45. Their phone number is (301) 362-8197. Ask for the Latin-English edition, New English Translation (text only). This edition was printed in 1999. If they no longer have it, then ask if there is a more recent edition. Be sure to get it in English. The Latin-English edition has both English and Latin. Some editions are only in Latin. Their website address is below. If it doesn't work, then do an Internet search for "Canon Law Society of America." You can order the book by phone from Newman Book Store in Washington, DC. (It is located near a number of seminaries.) They have two phone numbers: (202) 526-1036 and (202) 526-1037. The ISBN number for the book is ISBN 0-943616-79-4. It used to be possible to order it through regular bookstores. However, in October, 2003, my local bookstores were no longer able to get it. If you want to try ordering it through a regular bookstore, you will need to give them the ISBN number. If you want to find things in The Catholic Encyclopedia, you can search for the topic, plus "Catholic Encyclopedia." For example, you can search for "anathema + Catholic Encyclopedia." Articles in The Catholic Encyclopedia sometimes take quite a while to load. You will see a white page, and wait, and then, all of a sudden, the text will come in. New Advent (www.NewAdvent.org) sells the entire Catholic Encyclopedia on a CD-Rom. I hope that the Internet addresses that I have given will work for you. But you don't have to depend on them. You can search for things yourself. And you can ask God to show you creative ways of finding things. You can find good pictures at www.nationalshrine.com (the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception). They have a "virtual tour." If the address doesn't work for you, then do a search for the name of the shrine. You can also find good pictures at other shrines. You can search for things such as "shrine + picture," or "shrine + tour," or "shrine + Mary," or "shrine + Mary + picture." You can search for things such as "brown scapular," or "rosary promises." I found some good pictures by searching for "procession + Mary + picture," and "statue + Mary + picture." There is a "Mary page" at www.udayton.edu/mary. It has information about apparitions of Mary, prayers to her, and various devotional practices that honor Mary. If that address doesn't work for you, then do a search for "Mary page." If that doesn't work, then search for "Mary + University of Dayton." The home page for the University of Dayton is www.udayton.edu. You can go there and look for things that may lead to the Mary page. If you have trouble getting to the home page, then do a search for the name of the university. Christus Rex is at www.ChristusRex.org. It has links to web pages with pictures of Saint Peter's Basilica, the Sistine Chapel, and the Vatican Museums. You can scroll down the home page until you find them. If the Internet address doesn't work for you, then do a search for "Christus Rex." Some websites have sensational stories about reprobate Catholic clergy, gross immorality in convents, or Catholic conspiracies. If you come across such things, please do not share them with Catholic friends and family members. It is best to stay with information that is documented from credible sources, and that is presented in a constructive and objective way—in other words, long on facts and short on adjectives, and not harsh or overstated. Chapter 1 NOTE 1 Information about these books is given in the Notes to the chapters. Chapter 2 NOTE 1 "Anathema," The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume I, 1907 (online edition 2002). The ritual is described in detail, with a lengthy quotation, on pages 2-3 of my print-out. If this address doesn't work for you, then do an Internet search for "anathema + Catholic Encyclopedia" and you should find the article. This article takes a while to load. At first you will see a white page. Then the text will suddenly come in. NOTE 2 "Inquisition," The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume VIII, 1910 (online edition 2002). The quotation is from the second paragraph of the article. The Office of the Inquisition is an ecclesiastical institution for suppressing heresy. It is a permanent office with headquarters in Rome (described on pages 1 and 23-24 of my print-out). If this address doesn't work for you, then do an Internet search for "Inquisition + Catholic Encyclopedia." This article takes a while to load. At first you will see a white page. Then the text will suddenly come in. The article says that, under the Law of Moses, people in Old Testament times were killed or tortured for heresy. That is not correct. They were stoned to death if they tried to get other people to abandon the God of Israel and worship "foreign gods." Having a mob throw large stones at people would probably kill them pretty quickly. This was not torture. It was the usual method of execution. Worshiping "foreign gods" was not heresy. Heresy means having a baptized Christian disagree on a point of doctrine. For example, during the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church said that it was heresy to believe that people are saved by faith alone (as opposed to faith plus works). Worshiping "foreign gods" not in any way comparable to heresy. It would be the equivalent of telling people to abandon Christianity and worship Hindu gods. For a Protestant perspective on the Inquisition, please see the following two articles. A study of the history, theology, and methods of the Inquisition "The Inquisition: A Study in Absolute Catholic Power"
NOTE 3 Code of Canon Law, Latin-English edition, New English Translation (Washington, DC: Canon Law Society of America, 1999), page 247, Canon 752. The 1983 Code of Canon Law was translated into English in 1988. It is available online. The following web pages have the Index of the book. The Index has links to the laws. Canon 752 is in the beginning of Book III. When you find the right place in the Index, you can search for the laws by canon number. [Hit CTRL + F. Then type the number of the law. Then hit ENTER.] If you search for a second number, and you don't find it, then look at the place on the search menu that says "up" and "down." Try the opposite direction. Addresses of websites that have the Code of Canon Law are below. Some of them take a while to load after you click on the links. If you can't get through to the web page, then go to the home page and try to find it from there. [To find the home page, delete everything that comes after "com," "org," or "net."]
This website will not allow you to go directly to the Code of Canon Law. You have to go through their home page. Look for "Code of Canon Law" on the home page, and click on it. You can buy the Code of Canon Law from the Canon Law Society of America. All of the laws are contained in one book. In October, 2003, it cost $45. Their phone number is (301) 362-8197. Ask for the Latin-English edition, New English Translation (text only). This edition was printed in 1999. If they no longer have it, then ask if there is a more recent edition. Be sure to get it in English. The Latin-English edition has both English and Latin. Some editions are only in Latin. Their website address is below. If it doesn't work, then do an Internet search for "Canon Law Society of America." You can order the book by phone from Newman Book Store in Washington, DC. (It is located near a number of seminaries.) They have two phone numbers: (202) 526-1036 and (202) 526-1037. The ISBN number for the book is ISBN 0-943616-79-4. It used to be possible to order it through regular bookstores. However, in October, 2003, my local bookstores were no longer able to get it. If you want to try ordering it through a regular bookstore, you will need to give them the ISBN number. NOTE 4 Code of Canon Law, page 409, Canons 1311-1312. These canons are in the beginning of Book VI. NOTE 5 The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (formerly known as the Office of the Inquisition). This article is on the Vatican's website. [Click on "Profile."] The Vatican website is slow and it doesn't always come up. You can also find information about the change of name of the Office of the Inquisition at the following websites.
NOTE 6 Ineffabilis Deus (Apostolic Constitution on the Immaculate Conception). Encyclical of Pope Pius IX, issued December 8, 1854. Near the end of this papal bull there is a section called "The Definition." The statements that I described are in the last paragraph of that section. If these addresses don't work for you, then do a search for "Ineffabilis Deus."
NOTE 7 Paul Johnson, A History of Christianity (New York: Simon & Schuster, a Touchstone Book, 1995), page 308. Paul Johnson is a Catholic and a prominent historian. NOTE 8 Munificentissimus Deus (Defining the Dogma of the Assumption). Encyclical of Pope Pius XII, issued November 1, 1950. See paragraph 47. If these addresses don't work for you, then do a search for "Munificentissimus Deus."
NOTE 9 Paul Johnson, page 199. NOTE 10 "Anathema," The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume I, 1907 (online edition 2002). The article says that the ritual was developed by Pope Zachary, who reigned from 741 to 752. [You can search the article for "Zachary." Hit CTRL + F. Type "Zachary." Then hit ENTER.] "Pope St. Zachary," The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XV, 1912, online copyright 2003. The title of the article indicates that Pope Zachary is a canonized saint. The article does not mention the anathema ritual. Chapter 3 NOTE 1 This article from a Baptist website gives general information about the Council of Trent. It quotes a number of decrees relating to Evangelical doctrines.
Canons of the Council of Trent that deal with justification, the eucharist (communion), and the mass.
Canons of the Council of Trent that deal with communion (the eucharist) The entire text of the Council of Trent is available online. If these addresses don't work for you, then do a search for "Council of Trent."
The Council of Trent covered a lot of material, including many things that are probably not of interest to most people. If you read the book (either as a book or online), I suggest that you look for the following:
NOTE 2 Lumen Gentium (Dogmatic Constitution on the Church), paragraph 51. In Austin Flannery (Editor), Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post Conciliar Documents, Volume 1, New Revised Edition, fourth printing (Northport, NY: Costello Publishing Company, 1998), page 412. The documents produced by the Second Vatican Council are available online. If the following addresses don't work for you, then do an Internet Search for "Vatican Council II" or "Second Vatican Council."
NOTE 3 Optatum Totius (Decree on Priestly Training), Conclusion. In Austin Flannery, Volume 1, page 724. You can read this online. (See Note 2.) NOTE 4 Pope John XXIII said that he accepts what the Council of Trent declares about justification. (It declares that any person who believes that we are saved by faith alone is anathema.) He also confirmed all past anathemas against "false doctrine"—in other words, the Protestant doctrines that were condemned by the Council of Trent. www.angelfire.com/ky/dodone/J23.html All Catholic clergymen who participated in the Second Vatican Council signed a document stating that they accepted the declarations of the Council of Trent. (This is in the opening paragraph of the article.)
NOTE 5 You can check this out for yourself. The Catechism of the Catholic Church is available online with a search engine. You can search for words or paragraph numbers. Do a search for "Council of Trent." If these addresses don't work for you, then do an Internet search for "Catechism of the Catholic Church" and you should find some links for it.
NOTE 6 The Catechism of the Catholic Church, Paragraph 891. Chapter 4 NOTE 1 Unitatis Redintegratio (Decree on Ecumenism), Paragraph 24. In Austin Flannery (Editor), Vatican Council II: The Conciliar and Post Conciliar Documents, Volume 1, New Revised Edition, fourth printing (Northport, NY: Costello Publishing Company, 1998), page 470. The documents produced by the Second Vatican Council are available online. If the following addresses don't work for you, then do an Internet Search for "Vatican Council II" or "Second Vatican Council."
NOTE 2 Reflections and Suggestions Concerning Ecumenical Dialogue (Post Conciliar Document No. 42). In Austin Flannery, pages 540-541. The quotation is on page 541. You can read this online. (See Note 1.) NOTE 3 Pope Boniface VIII, Unam Sanctam, November 18, 1302. See the very last sentence. If these addresses don't work for you, then do a search for "Unam Sanctam."
NOTE 4 Pope Pius IX, Quanto Conficiamur Moerore (On Promotion of False Doctrines), August 10, 1863, paragraph 8. If these addresses don't work for you, then do a search for "Quanto + Pius IX."
Pope Pius IX, Nostis et Nobiscum (On the Church in the Pontifical States), December 8, 1849. See paragraph 10. If these addresses don't work for you, then do a search for "Nostis + Pius IX."
NOTE 5 Catechism of the Catholic Church (Washington, DC: U.S. Catholic Conference, 2000), paragraph 891. The Catechism is available online with a search engine. If these addresses don't work for you, then do an Internet search for "Catechism of the Catholic Church" and you should find some links for it.
NOTE 6 Code of Canon Law, Latin-English edition, New English Translation (Washington, DC: Canon Law Society of America, 1999), page 427, Canon 1366. Canon Laws provide the legal basis for everything that the Roman Catholic Church does. Even the Inquisition and the persecution of Protestants were based on Canon Law. The 1983 Code of Canon Law was translated into English in 1988. It is available online. The following web pages have the Index of the book. The Index has links to the laws. Canon 1366 is in Book VI, Part II, Title I. When you find the right place in the Index, you can search for the laws by canon number. [Hit CTRL + F. Then type the number of the law. Then hit ENTER.] If you search for a second number, and you don't find it, then look at the place on the search menu that says "up" and "down." Try the opposite direction. Addresses of websites that have the Code of Canon Law are below. Some of them take a while to load after you click on the links. If you can't get through to the web page, then go to the home page and try to find it from there. [To find the home page, delete everything that comes after "com," "org," or "net."]
This website will not allow you to go directly to the Code of Canon Law. You have to go through their home page. Look for "Code of Canon Law" on the home page, and click on it. You can buy the Code of Canon Law from the Canon Law Society of America. All of the laws are contained in one book. In October, 2003, it cost $45. Their phone number is (301) 362-8197. Ask for the Latin-English edition, New English Translation (text only). This edition was printed in 1999. If they no longer have it, then ask if there is a more recent edition. Be sure to get it in English. The Latin-English edition has both English and Latin. Some editions are only in Latin. Their website address is below. If it doesn't work, then do an Internet search for "Canon Law Society of America." You can order the book by phone from Newman Book Store in Washington, DC. (It is located near a number of seminaries.) They have two phone numbers: (202) 526-1036 and (202) 526-1037. The ISBN number for the book is ISBN 0-943616-79-4. It used to be possible to order it through regular bookstores. However, in October, 2003, my local bookstores were no longer able to get it. If you want to try ordering it through a regular bookstore, you will need to give them the ISBN number. NOTE 7 Opening Speech of Pope John XXIII to the Second Vatican Council. See the section, "How to Repress Errors."
Another address for the speech. I have divided the address into two sections, because of its width.
If these addresses don't work, then you can do a search for "opening speech + Vatican II + John XXIII." You can also search for "Second Vatican Council" or "Vatican Council II." You should find some websites that have documents from the Council. Some of these websites should include the opening speech of Pope John XXIII. Chapter 5 NOTE 1 John A. Hardon, Pocket Catholic Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, Image Books, 1980, 1985), page 295 ("merit"). Hardon is a Catholic priest with a doctorate in theology. NOTE 2 The Rites of the Catholic Church (New York: Pueblo Publishing Co., 1990), Volume 1, pages 394-407. Quoted in James G. McCarthy, The Gospel According to Rome: Comparing Catholic Tradition and the Word of God (Eugene, Oregon: Harvest House Publishers, 1995), page 22. NOTE 3 John A. Hardon, pages 166-167 ("grace"). NOTE 4 Peter de Rosa, Vicars of Christ: The Dark Side of the Papacy (Dublin, Ireland: Poolbeg Press, 1988, 2000), page 170. NOTE 5 Peter de Rosa, pages 167-168. NOTE 6 A biography of William Tyndale. This has information about men reading the Bible out loud in English so that crowds of people could hear it.
Chapter 6 NOTE 1 Paul Johnson, A History of Christianity (New York: Touchstone, Simon & Schuster, 1976, 1995), page 199. Johnson is a Catholic and a prominent historian. NOTE 2 Bruce Shelley, Church History in Plain Language, Updated Second Edition (Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1982, 1995), page 185. "Excommunication," The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume V, 1909 (online edition 2003). If this address doesn't work for you, then do an Internet search for "excommunication + Catholic Encyclopedia" and you should find the article. This article takes a while to load. At first you will see a white page. Then the text will suddenly come in. "Interdict," The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume VIII, 1910 (online edition 2003). If this address doesn't work for you, then do an Internet search for "interdict + Catholic Encyclopedia" and you should find the article. This article takes a while to load. At first you will see a white page. Then the text will suddenly come in. NOTE 3 Malachi Martin, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Church (New York, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1981), pages 133-134. Malachi Martin recently died. He was a Catholic priest, a Vatican insider, and the personal confessor of Pope John XXIII. He did research in the Vatican Archives. His books are a plea for reform. An article that summarizes the differences between the Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. Information about the excommunication is in the beginning of the article. An article from an Orthodox website. You can find information about the excommunication quickly by doing a search for "1054" (the date when it occurred). [Hit CTRL + F. Type "1054." Then hit ENTER.]
Quotations from popes who said that there is no salvation apart from the Pope. A papal encyclical that says that there is no salvation apart from the Pope. The statement is in the very last sentence of the encyclical. Pope Boniface VIII, Unam Sanctam, November 18, 1302. If these addresses don't work for you, then do a search for "Unam Sanctam."
Pope Innocent III said that he was the "Foundation of all Christianity." This article has information about many popes. Do a search for "Innocent III." [Hit CTRL + F. Then type in "Innocent III." Then hit ENTER.] NOTE 4 Bruce Shelley, page 185. NOTE 5 Peter de Rosa, Vicars of Christ: The Dark Side of the Papacy (Dublin, Ireland: Poolbeg Press, 1988, 2000), pages 66-73. This includes information about Pope Innocent III's excommunication of people who supported the Magna Carta. De Rosa is a practicing Catholic and a former priest. Bruce Shelley, pages 185-186. This article has a lot of information about Pope Innocent III, including his excommunication of anybody who supported the Magna Carta. Go to the following web page and click on the time period 1200-1300. This article tells how Pope Innocent III condemned the Magna Carta as immoral. However, it does not mention the excommunication of people who supported it. It has brief summaries of information about Innocent, including the fact that he placed the nations of England and France under interdict. I recommend that you read the entire section about him. This article has information about many popes. Do a search for "Innocent III." [Hit CTRL + F. Then type in "Innocent III." Then hit ENTER.] Articles about the influence of the Magna Carta on democracy in England and America. It was one of the foundational documents that influenced the American Constitution.
The Magna Carta is called the Great Charter of English Liberty. The text is online.
NOTE 6 Clifford Pereira, "Glimpses of Church History, 1200 - 1300 CE" [A.D.]. Go to the following web page and click on the time period 1200-1300. NOTE 7 Paul Johnson, page 199. NOTE 8 Pope Boniface VIII, Unam Sanctam, November 18, 1302. The very last sentence says that nobody can be saved without submitting to the Pope. If these addresses don't work for you, then do a search for "Unam Sanctam."
NOTE 9 Malachi Martin, pages 137-145. Articles about Pope Gregory VII's excommunication of Emperor Henry IV.
NOTE 10 Paul Johnson, pages 196-197. Malachi Martin, page 140. NOTE 11 Code of Canon Law, Latin-English Edition, New English Translation (Washington, DC: Canon Law Society of America, 1999). Canons 1331-1332 are on page 416. (They are in Book II, Part I, Title IV.) Canons 1364-1399 are on pages 427-435. (They are in Book II, all of Part II.) The 1983 Code of Canon Law was translated into English in 1988. It is available online.The following web pages have the Index of the book. The Index has links to the laws. If these addresses don't work for you, then do an Internet search for "Code of Canon Law." When you find the right place in the Index, you can search for the laws by canon number. [Hit CTRL + F. Then type the number of the law. Then hit ENTER.] If you search for a second number, and you don't find it, then look at the place on the search menu that says "up" and "down." Try the opposite direction. Addresses of websites that have the Code of Canon Law are below. Some of them take a while to load after you click on the links. If you can't get through to the web page, then go to the home page and try to find it from there. [To find the home page, delete everything that comes after "com," "org," or "net."]
This website will not allow you to go directly to the Code of Canon Law. You have to go through their home page. Look for "Code of Canon Law" on the home page, and click on it. www.ung.com/Catholic_Resources.htm You can buy the Code of Canon Law from the Canon Law Society of America. All of the laws are contained in one book. In October, 2003, it cost $45. Their phone number is (301) 362-8197. Ask for the Latin-English edition, New English Translation (text only). This edition was printed in 1999. If they no longer have it, then ask if there is a more recent edition. Be sure to get it in English. The Latin-English edition has both English and Latin. Some editions are only in Latin. Their website address is below. If it doesn't work, then do an Internet search for "Canon Law Society of America." You can order the book by phone from Newman Book Store in Washington, DC. (It is located near a number of seminaries.) They have two phone numbers: (202) 526-1036 and (202) 526-1037. The ISBN number for the book is ISBN 0-943616-79-4. It used to be possible to order it through regular bookstores. However, in October, 2003, my local bookstores were no longer able to get it. If you want to try ordering it through a regular bookstore, you will need to give them the ISBN number. NOTE 12 Dr. Mark F. Montebello, "Civil Rights in Malta's Post-Colonial Age," Part III, "Independence According to the British," first subheading, "The Most Shameful Episode." The information is on page 1 of my print-out. Dr. Montebello is a Catholic priest from Malta. NOTE 13 E.C. Schembri, "The Making of a Statesman." This is an article about Mintoff, the Labor Party candidate in Malta's 1962 election. The information is on page 2 of my print-out. NOTE 14 Joe Mizzi, "Liberty of Conscience." An article by a citizen of Malta whose parents personally experienced the interdict of 1962. NOTE 15 The Catechism of the Catholic Church (Washington, DC: U.S. Catholic Conference, 2000), paragraphs 1854, 1855, 1856, 1863. It is available online with a search engine. If these addresses don't work for you, then do an Internet search for "Catechism of the Catholic Church" and you should find some links for it.
NOTE 16 The Catechism of the Catholic Church, paragraphs 1033, 1874. NOTE 17 The Catechism of the Catholic Church, paragraphs 1484, 1497, 1395, 1424, 1449. Chapter 7 NOTE 1 Paul Johnson, A History of Christianity, pages 112-119. (The author is Catholic.) Bruce Shelley, Church History in Plain Language (updated 2nd edition), page 128. “Inquisition,” The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume VIII, 1910. This article says that, under the Law of Moses, people in Old Testament times were killed or tortured for heresy. That is not correct. They were stoned to death if they tried to get other people to abandon the God of Israel and worship “foreign gods.” This was not torture; it was the usual method of execution, and it killed people pretty quickly. Worshiping “foreign gods” was not heresy. According to Catholic Canon Law, heresy means having a baptized Christian disagree on a point of doctrine. For example, during the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church said that it was heresy to believe that people are saved by faith alone (as opposed to faith plus works). Worshiping “foreign gods” was not in any way comparable to heresy. It would be the equivalent of telling people to abandon Christianity and worship Hindu gods. (To read the article online, search for inquisition + “Catholic Encyclopedia”.) NOTE 2 Code of Canon Law, page 247, Canon 751. According to this law, “heresy” applies to people who have been baptized. However, most Catholics are baptized as infants, when they have no say in the matter. Also, the law does not say that it only applies to baptized Catholics, so it could be interpreted to apply to people who have been baptized as Protestants. During the Protestant Reformation, people who had been born and raised Protestant were killed as “heretics.” For centuries, the Waldensians and other Bible-believing Christians (who were never baptized as Catholics) were persecuted as “heretics.” In Spain, Jews and Muslims (unbaptized people) were persecuted as “heretics.” NOTE 3 Paul Johnson, page 273. NOTE 4 4. Fox’s Book of Martyrs, pages 176-184. “Tyndale, William,” World Book Encyclopedia 2000 (on CD-Rom). NOTE 5 If you want to get a feel for the times, read Brian H. Edwards’ book, God’s Outlaw: The Story of William Tyndale and the English Bible. There is a website devoted to William Tyndale. NOTE 6 Paul Johnson, pages 254-255; 273. NOTE 7 Paul Johnson, pages 119-120. NOTE 8 Gabriel Audisio, The Waldensian Dissent: Persecution and Survival, pages 11-12. l NOTE 9 Bill Jackson, The Noble Army of “Heretics,” chapter 5, “Waldenses” pages 55-72. Dr. Jackson combines excellent scholarship with touching portraits of heroic people. He personally visited the valleys where the Waldensians lived and he studied their original documents. You can read this chapter online. NOTE 10 Paul Johnson, page 251. NOTE 11 Peter de Rosa, Vicars of Christ, pages 66-69. Claudio Rendina, The Popes: Histories and Secrets, pages 309-316. (Page 310 says that Innocent was convinced that he had “total power” over other men.) J.N.D. Kelly, The Oxford Dictionary of Popes, pages 186-188. Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes: The Pontiffs from St. Peter to John Paul II, pages 209-211. Paul Johnson, page 199. NOTE 12 Bruce Shelley, page 185. NOTE 13 Russell Chamberlin, The Bad Popes, pages 87-93. J.N.D. Kelly, page 209. Richard P. McBrien, page 435. Bruce Shelley, page 215. NOTE 14 Pope Boniface VIII, Unam Sanctam, November 18, 1302. See the very last sentence. (To read this online, search for Boniface + “Unam Sanctam”.) NOTE 15 Gabriel Audisio, page 11. NOTE 16 Bruce Shelley, pages 206-209. NOTE 17 J.A. Wylie, History of Protestantism, Volume III, Book 16, pages 1155-1252. Fox’s Book of Martyrs, pages 43-45. Bill Jackson, pages 61-72. NOTE 18 Gabriel Audisio, summary from the back cover of the book.\ NOTE 19 Gabriel Audisio, pages 189-190. Bill Jackson, pages 55-72. You can read this online. NOTE 20 Hans Kung, The Catholic Church: A Short History, pages 94-97. Fox’s Book of Martyrs, pages 60-87. Paul Johnson, pages 253-255. Bruce Shelley, pages 211-212.
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Copyright 2003, 2007 by Mary Ann Collins. All rights reserved. |