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Unmasking Catholicism Mary Ann Collins, a former Catholic nun |
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Notes Chapter 8 NOTE 1 Malachi Martin, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Church (New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1981), pages 31-33. A major theme of this book is the radical change that occurred in the Church as a result of Constantine. Malachi Martin recently died. He was a Catholic priest, a theologian, and a Vatican insider. He was the personal confessor of Pope John XXIII. NOTE 2 Paul Johnson, A History of Christianity (New York: Touchstone, Simon & Schuster, 1995), pages 67-68. Johnson is a Catholic and a prominent historian. NOTE 3 Malachi Martin, page 33. Paul Johnson, page 67. NOTE 4 Paul Johnson, pages 68-69. NOTE 5 Paul Johnson, page 69. NOTE 6 Malachi Martin, pages 33-34. NOTE 7 Malachi Martin, pages 34-35. NOTE 8 James G. McCarthy, The Gospel According to Rome: Comparing Catholic Tradition and the Word of God (Eugene, Oregon: Harvest House Publishers, 1995), pages 231-232. McCarthy is a former Catholic. NOTE 9 Claudio Rendina, The Popes: Histories and Secrets (Santa Ana, California: Seven Locks Press, 2002), pages 29 and 41-45. Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes (San Francisco, California: Harper Collins Publishers, 1997), pages 45-46 and 57-58. Hans Kung (translated by John Bowden), The Catholic Church: A Short History (New York: Modern Library: 2001, 2003), pages 33-44. Malachi Martin, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Church, pages 19-38. Paul Johnson, A History of Christianity” pages 67-69 and 99-103. (The quotation is from page 69.) NOTE 10 Theodosius was forbidden to go into the Cathedral of Milan or to take the sacraments. This is excommunication, being cut off from the Church. Theodosius had to repent in order to be restored to the Church. Articles about this event are online at the following addresses. "Ambrose, Saint," The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, copyright 2000 "Theodosius," The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XIV, 1912 (online edition 2002). If this address doesn't work for you, then do an Internet search for "Theodosius + Catholic Encyclopedia" and you should find the article. This article may take a while to load. At first you will see a white page. Then the text will suddenly come in. "St. Ambrose Humiliates Theodosius the Great" Christopher S. Mackay, "Theodosius." See the section, "Theodosius in the Thrall of Ambrose" NOTE 11 Paul Johnson, pages 113-119. NOTE 12 Vatican finances are a major theme of David Yallop's book, In God's Name: An Investigation into the Murder of Pope John Paul I (London, England: Transworld Publishers, 1994). This book is well written, thoroughly researched, and gripping. Vatican insiders asked Yallop to investigate the Pope's death because they believed that he had been murdered. Yallop did his homework. He interviewed Mafia gangsters and Vatican insiders. NOTE 13 Articles about Weems and the cherry tree story.
NOTE 14 Malachi Martin, pages 11-28. Martin was a Catholic priest, an eminent theologian, and a professor at the Vatican's Pontifical Institute. He describes the wide variety of beliefs and practices within the early Church. He says that there was as much variety back then as there is between different denominations now. NOTE 15 Malachi Martin, page 132. NOTE 16 Catechism of the Catholic Church (Washington, DC: U.S. Catholic Conference, 2000), paragraph 891. It is available online with a search engine. If these addresses don't work for you, then do an Internet search for "Catechism of the Catholic Church" and you should find some links for it.
NOTE 17 Catechism of the Catholic Church, paragraph 891. NOTE 18 William Webster, The Church of Rome at the Bar of History (Carlisle, Pennsylvania: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1995), pages 63-71. NOTE 19 William Webster, pages 81-85. NOTE 20 Pope Pius IX, Quanta Cura (Condemning Current Errors), December 8, 1864. The "error" is given in Section 3, second paragraph. Paragraph 6 formally condemns all of the "errors" that are described in the encyclical. If these addresses don't work for you, then do a search for "Quanta Cura."
Pope Pius IX, The Syllabus of Errors, December 8, 1864, paragraphs 15, 77, and 78. The Syllabus of Errors accompanied the encyclical Quanta Cura. In reading it, remember that Pius condemned every statement that you are reading. If these addresses don't work for you, then do a search for "Syllabus of Errors."
Pope Leo XIII, Libertas Praestantissimum (On the Nature of Human Liberty), June 20, 1888, paragraph 42. If these addresses don't work for you, then do a search for "Libertas + Leo XIII."
NOTE 21 Dignitatis Humanae (Declaration on Religious Liberty). In Austin Flannery (editor), Vatican Council II, The Conciliar and Post Conciliar Documents, New Revised Edition, Volume 1 (Northport, New York: Costello Publishing Company, 1975, 1996), pages 799-812. The documents produced by the Second Vatican Council are available online. If the following addresses don't work for you, then do an Internet Search for "Vatican Council II" or "Second Vatican Council."
NOTE 22 Code of Canon Law, Latin-English edition, New English Translation. (Washington, DC: Canon Law Society of America, 1999), page 427, Canon 1366. Canon Law provides the legal basis for everything that the Roman Catholic Church does. Even the Inquisition and the persecution of Protestants were based on Canon Law. The 1983 Code of Canon Law was translated into English in 1988. It is available online. The following web pages have the Index of the book. The Index has links to the laws. Canon 1366 is in Book VI, Part II, Title I. If these addresses don't work for you, then do an Internet search for "Code of Canon Law." When you find the right place in the Index, you can search for the laws by canon number. [Hit CTRL + F. Then type the number of the law. Then hit ENTER.] If you search for a second number, and you don't find it, then look at the place on the search menu that says "up" and "down." Try the opposite direction. Addresses of websites that have the Code of Canon Law are below. Some of them take a while to load after you click on the links. If you can't get through to the web page, then go to the home page and try to find it from there. [To find the home page, delete everything that comes after "com," "org," or "net."]
This website will not allow you to go directly to the Code of Canon Law. You have to go through their home page. Look for "Code of Canon Law" on the home page, and click on it. www.ung.com/Catholic_Resources.htm You can buy the Code of Canon Law from the Canon Law Society of America. All of the laws are contained in one book. In October, 2003, it cost $45. Their phone number is (301) 362-8197. Ask for the Latin-English edition, New English Translation (text only). This edition was printed in 1999. If they no longer have it, then ask if there is a more recent edition. Be sure to get it in English. The Latin-English edition has both English and Latin. Some editions are only in Latin. Their website address is below. If it doesn't work, then do an Internet search for "Canon Law Society of America." You can order the book by phone from Newman Book Store in Washington, DC. (It is located near a number of seminaries.) They have two phone numbers: (202) 526-1036 and (202) 526-1037. The ISBN number for the book is ISBN 0-943616-79-4. It used to be possible to order it through regular bookstores. However, in October, 2003, my local bookstores were no longer able to get it. If you want to try ordering it through a regular bookstore, you will need to give them the ISBN number. NOTE 23 Articles by Catholic liberals and Catholic conservatives who have documented numerous discrepancies between the Second Vatican Council, Pope John Paul II, and the decrees of previous popes and councils. The Errors of Pope Pius IX. This article has extensive quotations, with references to encyclicals of Pope Pius IX, and documents from the Second Vatican Council. This is from a very liberal Catholic website. Summary of the Principal Errors of Vatican II Ecclesiology. From the website of True Catholic, an extremely conservative Catholic website. Lucian Pulvermacher, "Vatican II Council—Accepts Freedom of Religion, Teaches Heresy," Caritas Newsletter, August 19, 1989. NOTE 24 Patrick John Pollock, "101 Heresies of Anti-Pope John Paul II" www.truecatholic.org/heresiesjp2.htm NOTE 25 Lucian Pulvermacher, "Papal Election," Caritas Election News #1 Chapter 9 NOTE 1 William Webster, The Church of Rome at the Bar of History (Carlisle, PA: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1995), pages 62-63. Webster is a former Catholic. Peter de Rosa, Vicars of Christ: The Dark Side of the Papacy (Dublin, Ireland: Poolbeg Press, 1988, 2000), pages 58-61, 174, 208. De Rosa is a practicing Catholic and a former Catholic priest. While he was a priest, he did research in the Vatican Archives. Paul Johnson, A History of Christianity (New York: A Touchstone Book, Simon & Schuster, 1976, 1995), page 195. Johnson is a Catholic and a prominent historian. NOTE 2 "Benedict Levita," The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume II, 1907 (online edition 2002). Benedict Levita is the pseudonym of the author of the Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals. If this address doesn't work for you, then do an Internet search for "Benedict Levita + Catholic Encyclopedia" and you should find the article. This article may take a while to load. At first you will see a white page. Then the text will suddenly come in. NOTE 3 Peter de Rosa, page 59. An article about the use of forged documents in developing papal power. The author is a former Jesuit priest.
NOTE 4 Peter de Rosa, page 166. NOTE 5 Paul Johnson, pages 170-172. NOTE 6 Peter de Rosa, page 59. NOTE 7 Orthodox Christian Information Center, The False Decretals of Isidore. An excerpt from The Papacy by Abbee Guette. The author was a devout Catholic and a historian. As a result of his historical research about the papacy, he eventually joined the Orthodox Church. "The Great Schism of 1054" (a sermon given at a Russian Orthodox Cathedral) NOTE 8 William Webster, pages 62-63. Peter de Rosa, page 60. NOTE 9 William Webster, page 63. Peter de Rosa, page 60. NOTE 10 William Webster, "Forgeries and the papacy: The Historical Influence and Use of Forgeries in Promotion of the Doctrine of the Papacy." This article gives detailed accounts of Aquinas' use of forged documents. Aquinas mistakenly believed them to be genuine. NOTE 11 Pius X, Pieni l'animo (On the Clergy in Italy), July 28, 1906. (See paragraph 6.) If these addresses don't work for you, then do a search for "Pieni l'animo." It might be easier to search for "Pius X + Pieni."
NOTE 12 William Webster, "Forgeries and the Papacy: The Historical Influence and Use of Forgeries in Promotion of the Doctrine of the Papacy" An article about the use of forged documents in developing papal power. The author is a former Jesuit priest.
NOTE 13 An article about the Medieval Papacy. It includes a good summary of information about forged documents and their use to increase papal power. An article about the use of forged documents in developing papal power. The author is a former Jesuit priest.
Articles about various forged Church documents
NOTE 14 "The Great Schism of 1054" Chapter 10 GENERAL NOTE I have five online articles that each give historical information about several popes. I will list the appropriate ones in the notes for individual popes. You can find the particular pope by searching for him by name. To do a search on an Internet article, get the "Find" function. There are two ways to do this. You can click on EDIT and then click on FIND. There is a shortcut for doing this. You can hit CTRL + F. Once you get the "Find" function, a menu will pop up with a place where you can type entries. Type in the name of the pope and then hit ENTER. The following articles give detailed information about a number of popes. You can search them for information about specific popes. This 18-page article by the White-Robed Monks of St. Benedict has historical information about 263 popes This 20-page article has historical information about more than 30 popes. The author describes himself as a skeptic. He seems to be anti-Christian. At times his tone is harsh. However, he has a lot of valuable historical information and it is documented. Three shorter articles by Christian authors
NUMBERED NOTES NOTE 1 William Webster, The Church of Rome at the Bar of History, pages 63-71. Peter de Rosa, Vicars of Christ, 208-209. (De Rosa is a practicing Catholic and a former Catholic priest. While he was a priest, he did research in the Vatican Archives.) Hans Küng, The Catholic Church: A Short History, page 60. (Küng is a Catholic theologian.) Claudio Rendina, The Popes: Histories and Secrets, pages 112-114. J.N.D. Kelly, The Oxford Dictionary of Popes, pages 70-71. Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes, pages 101-103. NOTE 2 2. Malachi Martin, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Church, pages 85-89. (Martin was a Catholic priest and a Vatican insider. He did research in the Vatican Archives. His books are a plea for reform.) Claudio Rendina, pages 153-157. Richard P. McBrien, pages 124-125. NOTE 3 Richard P. McBrien, pages 150-151, 435. Malachi Martin, page 123. Claudio Rendina, pages 215-217. J.N.D. Kelly, pages 118-120. (Martin and Kelly tell about the murders.) NOTE 4 Russell Chamberlin, The Bad Popes, pages 40-61. Peter de Rosa, pages 211-215. Hans Küng, page 79. Richard P. McBrien, pages 157-159, 435. Claudio Rendina, pages 226-229. J.N.D. Kelly, pages 126-127. NOTE 5 Russell Chamberlin, pages 25-39. Malachi Martin, page 119. Hans Küng, page 79. Richard P. McBrien, pages 153 (under “John X”), 154-155 (under “John XI”). NOTE 6 Malachi Martin, page 131. Claudio Rendina, pages 243-247. (Martin tells about the murders.) NOTE 7 Malachi Martin, pages 130-132. Claudio Rendina, pages 248-251. Richard P. McBrien, pages 168-170. (Martin gives detailed information about Benedict’s cruelty.) NOTE 8 Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Crusades: A History. Thomas Asbridge, The First Crusade: A New History: The Roots of Conflict Between Christianity and Islam. Jonathan Phillips, The Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople. Robert Chazan, European Jewry and the First Crusade. Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives. NOTE 9 Russell Chamberlin, pages 62-76. Malachi Martin, page 132. Peter de Rosa, pages 54-56. Claudio Rendina, pages 251-254. J.N.D. Kelly, pages 142-144. Richard P. McBrien, pages 170-172. NOTE 10 Russell Chamberlin, pages 77-126. Malachi Martin, page 171-176. Claudio Rendina, pages 376-379. Paul Johnson, A History of Christianity, pages 191, 218-219. Richard P. McBrien, pages 229, 232, 435. (Chamberlin, Martin and Rendina tell about the destruction of Palestrina.) NOTE 11 Peter de Rosa, pages 84-88. Richard P. McBrien, pages 240-242. Claudio Rendina, pages 376-379. (De Rosa tells about destroying a village.) NOTE 12 Peter de Rosa, pages 103-110. Richard P. McBrien, pages 267-269, 437. Russell Chamberlin, pages 161-208. J.N.D. Kelly, pages 252-254. Hans Küng, pages 119-120. Claudio Rendina, pages 431-436. Paul Johnson, pages 280, 363. (McBrien, Kelly and de Rosa tell how Pope Alexander VI and his son Cesare murdered people and seized their property.) NOTE 13 Peter de Rosa, pages 111-113. Paul Johnson, page 280. Claudio Rendina, pages 438-441. J.N.D. Kelly, pages 255-256. Richard P. McBrien, pages 270-272. NOTE 14 Russell Chamberlin, pages 209-252. Malachi Martin, pages 202-203. Claudio Rendina, pages 441-446. J.N.D. Kelly, pages 256-258. NOTE 15 Paul Johnson, pages 194-198, 161. Peter de Rosa, pages 57-66. Hans Küng, pages 85-92. A scholarly article about this is online. William Webster, Forgeries and the Papacy: The Historical Influence and Use of Forgeries in Promotion of the Doctrine of the Papacy. The author is a former Catholic. NOTE 16 Malachi Martin, pages 141-142. Claudio Rendina, pages 309-316. (Page 314 gives information about his persecution of the Albigensians and other “heretics.”) NOTE 17 Fox’s Book of Martyrs, pages 45-47. J.A. Wylie, The History of Protestantism, book 1, pages 39-45. Paul Johnson, pages 199-201, 252. Peter de Rosa, pages 66-74, 152-155. Hans Küng, pages 87-103. NOTE 18 Richard P. McBrien, pages 466-468. Antipope, The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume I, 1907. (You can read this online if you search for “The Catholic Encyclopedia” + antipope.) NOTE 19 Malachi Martin, pages 141-142. Peter de Rosa, pages 406-407 and 420-421. Hans Kung, pages 92-93. Chapter 11 NOTE 1 James G. McCarthy, The Gospel According to Rome, pages 231-232. James McCarthy is a former Catholic. NOTE 2 Malachi Martin, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Church,”pages 19-38. (Malachi Martin recently died. He was a Catholic priest and a Vatican insider.) Peter de Rosa, Vicars of Christ, page 45. ( Peter de Rosa is a practicing Catholic and a former Catholic priest.) NOTE 3 Paul Johnson, A History of Christianity, pages 194-197. (Paul Johnson is a Catholic.) Peter de Rosa, pages 62-64. Malachi Martin, pages 137-146. NOTE 4 Malachi Martin, page 140. Claudio Rendina, The Bad Popes, pages 268-274. (Page 274 says that Gregory wanted to make the countries of Europe become feudal estates of the Pope, with all of the kings meekly obeying him.) J.N.D. Kelly, The Oxford Dictionary of Popes, pages 154-156. Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes, pages 185-188. NOTE 5 Peter de Rosa, pages 66-69. Paul Johnson, page 199. Claudio Rendina, pages 309-316. (Page 310 says that Innocent was convinced that he had “total power” over other men.) J.N.D. Kelly, pages 186-188. Richard P. McBrien, pages 209-211. NOTE 6 Bruce L. Shelley, Church History in Plain Language, page 215. Russell Chamberlin, The Bad Popes, pages 87-93. J.N.D. Kelly, page 209. Richard P. McBrien, page 435. (This says that Boniface liked to dress in “imperial regalia”.) NOTE 7 Russell Chamberlin, pages 93-123. Claudio Rendina, pages 357-364. J.N.D. Kelly, pages 208-210. Richard P. McBrien, pages 229-232. Pope Boniface VIII, Unam Sanctam, November 18, 1302. The quotation is near the end. You can read this encyclical online. If the following links don’t work, then do a search for “Unam Sanctam”. NOTE 8 Paloma Pajares Ayuela, Cosmatesque Ornament: Flat Polychrome Geometric Patterns in Architecture (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2002). Chapter 2 (“Rome”) tells how wealthy medieval popes used purple and gems in papal architecture in order to show their imperial power. The purple came from porphyry (a rock that has crystals embedded in a purple groundmass). NOTE 9 Claudio Rendina, pages 420-423. Richard P. McBrien, pages 263-264. Dr. Richard M. Podhajny, "History, Shellfish, Royalty, and the Color Purple" in Paper, Film & Foil Converter, July 1, 2002. (This is a technical, industrial magazine. Color is important to the printing industry. The article discusses the history of the colors purple and scarlet.) You can read the article in their online edition of the magazine. Herbert Norris, Church Vestments: Their Origin & Development, pages 162-163. (This tells when scarlet came into use for vestments.) National Geographic, Inside the Vatican, pages 46-47. (This shows cardinals wearing scarlet vestments.) NOTE 10 Herbert Norris, pages 108-115. This discussion of the papal tiara includes several pictures of popes wearing tiaras. Albert Skira, Treasures of the Vatican, page 86. This shows a portrait of Pope Alexander VI kneeling, with his tiara on the ground in front of him. Richard P. McBrien. Following page 392, there is a series of numbered pictures. Pictures 2, 3, 9 and 13 show popes wearing the papal crown (tiara). You can see pictures of the papal tiara online. Google has a search engine just for pictures (images). Go to Google’s home page. You will see some words that are underlined. Click on “Images.” Then search for “tiara” or for “pope + tiara” or for “papal tiara”. NOTE 11 Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes. Following page 392, there is a series of 40 pictures that have numbers. Pictures 13, 19, 20, 23, and 27 show popes seated on thrones. National Geographic, Inside the Vatican, pages 92-93. This photograph shows a life-sized statue of Saint Peter sitting on a papal thrown inside Saint Peter’s Basilica. Pages 48-49 show the Pope being carried on a portable thrown. Six pictures of popes with the papal crown (tiara). Two of these pictures show Popes Pius XII and John XXIII seated on an ornate papal throne. NOTE 12 Eric Convey and Tom Mashberg, Law Grilled in Deposition in “The Boston Herald,” May 8, 2002. The third and fourth paragraphs discuss Cardinal Law’s dual citizenship. NOTE 13 Herbert Norris, pages 8, 183-185. National Geographic, page 58. This shows a ring of Pope Pius IX. It has so many diamonds on it that you can barely see the gold. “Rings” in The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XIII, 1912. “Pectorale” in the The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XI, 1911. This is the pectoral cross which is worn by popes, cardinals, bishops, and abbots. It is made of precious metal (gold, silver, platinum) and ornamented with jewels (diamonds, pearls, etc.). It contains a relic of a saint. NOTE 14 Herbert Norris, Church Vestments: Their Origin & Development. The entire book describes vestments that, for high-ranking churchmen, are often decorated with gold and jewels. Even their gloves have gold on them, and sometimes jewels as well. This was especially true during the Middle Ages, but it is also true today. National Geographic, pages 59, 71, 83, 202, and 209. Page 59 shows a chalice of Pope Pius X that is solid gold and set with numerous diamonds. (When you look at it, you see more diamonds than gold.) Page 71 shows Pope John Paul II wearing a gold miter and vestments decorated with gold. Page 83 shows Pope John Paul II wearing gold vestments. (They are made of gold cloth, as opposed to just being decorated with gold.) Page 202 shows gloves and shoes of Pope Pius XII. They are decorated with gold. One pair of shoes has jewels on them. (They appear to be rubies and emeralds.) Page 209 shows a miter that was worn by Pope Paul VI and Pope John Paul I. It is decorated with gold and set with many jewels. In the Vatican, there is a portrait of Pope Alexander VI wearing gold vestments that are covered with jewels. There is a large, full-color picture in Albert Skira, “Treasures of the Vatican,” page 86. There is a smaller full-color picture in the National Geographic book, Inside the Vatican, page 49. (Although it is smaller, you can still see the gold and jewels.) There is also a small black-and-white picture in Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes. (Following page 392 there is a series of numbered pictures. The portrait of Alexander VI is Picture 10.) NOTE 15 Albert Skira, Treasures of the Vatican, page 31. This shows a picture of the statue of Saint Peter wearing vestments of gold and scarlet, with a gold crown that is studded with jewels. National Geographic, Inside the Vatican, pages 92-93. This shows a nun kissing the foot of the statue. It also shows a close-up of the foot that has been worn smooth from being kissed so much. NOTE 16 “Mozzetta” in The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume X, 1911. This is a special red cape worn by the Pope. In the six winter months, he wears a mozzetta trimmed with white ermine. In the six summer months he wears a lighter mozzetta without ermine. Herbert Norris, pages 114 and 179. (Page 114 shows Pope Sixtus IV wearing a tiara and mozetta. Page 179 discusses the mozetta.) NOTE 17 National Geographic, pages 48-49. This shows the Pope being carried on the sedia gestatoria (the portable papal throne). Richard P. McBrien, Lives of the Popes has pictures of the Pope being carried on the sedia gestatoria on the front cover of the book and on page 11. “Sedia Gestatoria” in The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XIII, 1912. “Pontifical Mass” in The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XII, 1911. This describes the use of the sedia gestatoria (portable papal throne) for the solemn procession that occures during a Pontifical Mass. You can see pictures of the sedia gestatoria online. Google has a search engine just for pictures (images). Go to Google’s home page. You will see some words that are underlined. Click on “Images.” Then search for “sedia”. NOTE 18 Paul Johnson, page 503. NOTE 19 You can see dozens of pictures of the Sistine Chapel if you do an Internet search for “Christus Rex” + “Sistine Chapel”. It will lead you to a page called “Cappella Sistina”. It has 27 categories listed. If you click on one of them, you will get a webpage with small pictures on it. If you click on the small pictures, you will get larger ones. To see the Vatican museums, search for “Christus Rex” + “Museums.” To see Saint Peter’s Basilica and the Pontifical Palace, search for “Christus Rex” + “Vatican city”. (It will say “Citta del Vaticano.”) You can also find good pictures by doing a Google search for “images”. Go to Google’s home page. You will see some words that are underlined. Click on “Images.” Then click on “Sistine Chapel” or “Vatican museums” or whatever else you are looking for. Chapter 12 NOTE 1 William Webster, The Church of Rome at the Bar of History (Carlisle, Pennsylvania: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1995), page 8. "The Canon of the New Testament: A Brief Introduction" NOTE 2 Walter A. Elwell (editor), Evangelical Dictionary of Theology (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House, 1984), page 141. NOTE 3 Paul Johnson, A History of Christianity (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1976, 1995), page 273. The author is a Catholic and a prominent historian. Laymen and laywomen were forbidden to read the Bible in their native language, unless a bishop or an inquisitor gave them permission in writing. NOTE 4 "Tyndale, William," World Book Encyclopedia 2000 (on CD-Rom) Articles about William Tyndale
NOTE 5 Paul Johnson, page 273. NOTE 6 A biography of William Tyndale. This tells about men reading the Bible out loud in English, while crowds of people listened.
William Tyndale translated the Bible into English. His Bibles were burned. Tyndale was burned at the stake. Between 1400 and 1557 over 1,000 English men and women were burned at the stake for the sake of the Gospel. NOTE 7 "Wycliffe, John," "Lollards," and "Bible," World Book Encyclopedia 2000 (on CD-Rom). Articles about John Wycliffe and the Lollards.
An article about the Lollards
An article about Wycliffe NOTE 8 "Tyndale, William" and "Bible," World Book Encyclopedia 2000 (on CD-Rom). See Notes 4 and 6 for online articles about Tyndale. NOTE 9 "Bible," World Book Encyclopedia 2000 (on CD-Rom) NOTE 10 Pope Pius IX, Qui Pluribus (On Faith and Religion), November 9, 1846. See paragraph 14. If these addresses don't work for you, then do a search for "Qui Pluribus."
Pope Pius IX, Nostis et Nobiscum (On the Church in the Pontifical States), December 8, 1849. See paragraph 14. If these addresses don't work for you, then do a search for "Nostis + Pius IX."
Articles about the beatification of Pope Pius IX.
NOTE 11 Pope Pius IX, Quanta Cura (Condemning Current Errors), December 8, 1864. The "error" is given in Section 3, second paragraph. The condemnation of all of the "errors" described in the encyclical is given in paragraph 6. If these addresses don't work for you, then do a search for "Quanta Cura."
Pope Pius IX, The Syllabus of Errors, December 8, 1864. See paragraphs 15, 77, and 78. The Syllabus of Errors accompanied the encyclical Quanta Cura. In reading it, remember that Pius condemned every statement that you are reading. If these addresses don't work for you, then do a search for "Syllabus of Errors."
Pope Leo XIII, Libertas Praestantissimum (On the Nature of Human Liberty), June 20, 1888. See paragraph 42. If these addresses don't work for you, then do a search for "Libertas + Leo XIII." Another address for Libertas Praestantissimum. I have divided the address into two sections because of its width.
NOTE 12 Catechism of the Catholic Church (Washington, DC: U.S. Catholic Conference, 2000), paragraph 891. It is available online with a search engine. If these addresses don't work for you, then do an Internet search for "Catechism of the Catholic Church" and you should find some links for it.
NOTE 13 Catechism of the Catholic Church, paragraphs 80, 84 and 97. NOTE 14 Catechism of the Catholic Church, paragraphs 78, 113, 2650, and 2661. NOTE 15 Catechism of the Catholic Church, paragraphs 85, 87, 100, 113, 862, 891, 2037. NOTE 16 J.A. Wylie, The Papacy: Its History, Dogmas, Genius, and Prospects; Volume II, Dogmas of the Papacy, Chapter 2, "Scripture and Tradition" (London: Hamilton, Adams, & Co., 1888). Quoted by John Schroeder, Heresies of Catholicism (Lincoln, Nebraska: iUniverse, 2003), page 15. You can read Wylie's chapter online.
NOTE 17 Walter A. Elwell (editor), Evangelical Dictionary of Theology (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Book House, 1984), pages 66-67. NOTE 18 Gregory Koukl, "The Apocrypha," 1998. This website has a search engine. Search for "apocrypha." NOTE 19 The Epistle of Jude refers to an event that is described in the Book of Enoch, a work that was familiar to Jude's readers. However, Jude does not state or imply that The Book of Enoch is inspired Scripture. Rather, he uses it in a manner that is similar to modern pastors who use well-known books or movies as sermon illustrations. The Book of Enoch is not one of the Apocrypha. It is not part of the Catholic Bible. NOTE 20 The Book of Tobit is available online. If these addresses don't work for you, then do an Internet search for "Book of Tobit."
The Book of Tobit in the New American Bible. This is a popular modern translation of the Catholic Bible. You can also go to the Index of the Bible. It has a Table of Contents. Look for "Tobit." It comes after Ezra and Nehemiah. The Book of Tobit in the Douay-Rheims Bible. This is the old Catholic Bible, before modern translations. "Tobit" is called "Tobias." At the top of each page is a place with a menu for selecting the chapter you want to read next. NOTE 21 International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Electronic Database, 1996, by Biblesoft (a Bible study program). |
Copyright 2003, 2007 by Mary Ann Collins. All rights reserved. |